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Spatial Structures Spatial structures are three-dimensional systems consisting of linear members, subjected to loads at their joints or along their length, and connected to each other using pin or moment connections. These structures can take various forms such as flat-double-layer grid (FDLG) or flat-multi-layer grid, braced barrel vault, or dome, or any other form (free-form). They are also considered as three-dimensional truss (space truss) or three-dimensional frame (space frame). However, the term "space frame" has been also used for systems made of members connected to each other with pin connections. A few different forms of spatial structures are shown below:
A Free-Form Spatial Structure
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